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arXiv · 2607.15474

Star formation, stellar evolution, and planets in high-resolution X-ray imaging

Hans Moritz Günther·Scott J. Wolk·Sean J. Gunderson·Ruchi Pandey·Keivan G. Stassun·Lynne Valencic
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Abstract

Stars set the conditions for planet formation, planet evolution, and habitability -- all major topics in astronomy today. Stars are also important in their own right as the most visible component of galaxies. In cool stars, X-ray emission is powered by magnetic fields, and so far our Sun is the only system in which those fields are spatially resolved. High-resolution X-ray (HiReX) imaging can track the origin and evolution of those fields, see how they connect young stars to their disks and outflows, and measure the energy, mass, and momentum that radiation and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) carry into the circumstellar environment. This is crucial for understanding whether planets can form and survive in young stellar systems, whether life can develop on those planets, and how the star evolves over time. Intermediate-mass and high-mass stars blow winds and eventually evolve into degenerate objects such as white dwarfs, neutron stars, and black holes. Their evolution and death drive the chemical evolution of galaxies. High-resolution X-ray (HiReX) imaging can study the hottest components in those systems, such as the colliding winds of massive stars, accretion and nova explosions in CVs, and the shocks in outflows that form planetary nebulae. All these cases have in common that the X-ray emission is tracing the hottest, fastest, and most energetic components of the shocks. HiReX observations can reveal the temperature, spatial structures, and elemental abundances of different system components that no other wavelength can. While stars are physically small compared to more powerful objects such as accreting black holes and AGN, they are also much closer to us, allowing a HiReX mission to resolve a variety of physical phenomena fundamental to our understanding of how stellar systems form, evolve, and interact with their environment.

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Hans Moritz Günther, Scott J. Wolk, Sean J. Gunderson, Ruchi Pandey, Keivan G. Stassun, Lynne Valencic. 2026-07-16. Star formation, stellar evolution, and planets in high-resolution X-ray imaging. https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.15474

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