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arXiv · 2607.20671

A multi-band radio flux density catalog of ICRF3 sources using the Onsala Twin Telescopes

Alva Kinman·Rüdiger Haas·Karine Le Bail·Jun Yang·Eskil Varenius
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Abstract

The VLBI Global Observing System (VGOS) is the next generation system for geodetic and astrometric Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI). To optimize the observing time for each source in geodetic schedules, a flux density catalog is needed for the sources that are observed at the VGOS frequencies. The aim of this work is to monitor the flux densities of geodetic sources in the VGOS bands. The obtained flux density time series can be used for more effective scheduling of geodetic and astrometric VLBI experiments, as well as probing active galactic nuclei (AGN) physics. The Onsala Twin Telescopes have been used as a single baseline interferometer to measure flux densities of AGN that are part of the International Celestial Reference System (ICRF3). The telescopes observed at 3.2, 5.5, 6.6 and 10.4 GHz simultaneously. Both locally planned flux monitoring sessions and international geodetic experiments were analyzed. The data were calibrated using the Common Astronomy Software Applications (CASA). The possibility of predicting geodetic signal-to-noise ratios (S/N) using the measured flux densities was also tested. Simultaneous light curves in up to four frequencies have been obtained for 361 sources. The majority of the sources vary significantly in flux density during the measurement period. Most sources have a flat or inverted spectrum, with only 6 % having a steep spectrum. Furthermore, the flux densities from this work were shown to more precisely predict geodetic signal-to-noise ratios compared to the standard VGOS flux density catalog, especially for the most variable sources. Flux density variation needs to be taken into account to obtain the most optimal VGOS schedules. The flux density catalog presented here is expected to be of use for both astronomy and geodesy. We plan to continue the monitoring program.

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Alva Kinman, Rüdiger Haas, Karine Le Bail, Jun Yang, Eskil Varenius. 2026-07-22. A multi-band radio flux density catalog of ICRF3 sources using the Onsala Twin Telescopes. https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.20671

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