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arXiv · 2607.21742

Global Finite-Energy Weak Solutions and Sharp Entropy Decay for a Poisson-Nernst-Planck System with Interspecies Drag and Steric Effects

Baoli Hao·Fanze Kong·Kei Fong Lam·Chun Liu
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Abstract

We derive and analyze a binary Poisson-Nernst-Planck system with steric interactions and interspecies drag through the energetic variational approach. The steric effects are incorporated into the free energy, while the drag mechanism enters the dissipation functional; eliminating the transport velocities yields a non-diagonal, concentration-dependent Onsager mobility and an entropy-production structure that is not coercive in the standard $L^2(0,T;H^1)$ sense. For the resulting drag-modified steric PNP system, we prove the existence of global finite-energy weak solutions using an entropy-variable approximation, weighted gradient estimates, and a vacuum-compatible square-root formulation of the weighted entropy gradients. In the pure Neumann equal-mass setting, we establish a sublevel entropy-entropy production inequality, obtain exponential relaxation for approximation-generated weak solutions, and identify the sharp small-sublevel limit of the optimal entropy-production constant through an explicit linearized formula involving the drag mobility, steric Hessian, Poisson coupling, and Neumann spectrum. We further show that the same linearized constant governs the local nonlinear relaxation of sufficiently small strong perturbations of the homogeneous equilibrium. Finally, we discuss the rank-one steric limit and clarify the role of the positive definiteness of the steric matrix in the finite-energy compactness theory.

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Baoli Hao, Fanze Kong, Kei Fong Lam, Chun Liu. 2026-07-23. Global Finite-Energy Weak Solutions and Sharp Entropy Decay for a Poisson-Nernst-Planck System with Interspecies Drag and Steric Effects. https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.21742

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