HARMONI at ELT: LPOU calibrations for a micron-level pointing accuracy

Abstract

HARMONI is the first light, adaptive optics assisted, near-IR integral field spectrograph for the ELT [1]. It covers a spectral range from 800 nm to 2450 nm with resolving powers from 3000 to 7000 and spatial sampling of 25 mas and 6mas. It can operate in two adaptive optics modes, SCAO (including a high contrast capability) and MCAO. The project is resuming its final design phase after a rescope design phase in 2025. To achieve its optimal image quality, HARMONI needs to perform pointing error measurement by means of three guide probes. Each guide probe is a robotic arm with a shoulder-elbow stage that is optically equivalent to two periscopes connected together. Since any systematic positioning error of the shoulder-elbow motors will result in a measurement error of the pointing error itself, an appropriate geometric calibration reference is necessary. In previous designs, this calibration reference took the form of a deployable calibration mask that could be inserted in the telescope's focal plane. However, this approach prevents the guiding sensors from distinguishing motor contributions from other effects caused by the instrument optics. In this work, we explore the possibility of inserting the calibration mask as close to the guide probes as possible, along with the addition of the necessary refocus optics in the light path of the guiding sensors. We discuss different variations of this idea, their effect on the image quality, and their ability to resolve positioning errors smaller than 1 {\mu}m. The results of these analyses were cross-validated by means of optical simulations in RayZaler, and will be used to put bounds to the expected calibration accuracy achievable by this design.