Can Second-Order Nonlinearity in Metal-Dielectric Metamaterials Pave a Way Toward Elusive Photonic Time Crystals?

Jacob B Khurgin

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arXiv · 2607.23363

Can Second-Order Nonlinearity in Metal-Dielectric Metamaterials Pave a Way Toward Elusive Photonic Time Crystals?

Jacob B Khurgin

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Abstract

While a tremendous amount of theoretical work has been dedicated to time-varying photonics, practical implementation in the optical range has relied almost exclusively on transparent conductive oxides , which remain severely constrained by being slow and highly lossy. To bypass these limitations, I propose an alternative platform utilizing ultrafast second-order nonlinearities within an epsilon-near-zero semiconductor-silver metamaterial. Due to the relatively low loss in silver and polarization-selective pumping, ultra-low pump absorption prevents thermal degradation, while absorption of the probe is sufficiently low to simultaneously permit the multi-cycle interaction lengths necessary for signal detection. I find that with pump powers of 100s of GW/cm2 one can open a wide momentum bandgap of tens of percents and achieve net parametric gain in time, offering a robust pathway to realizing photonic time crystals in optical range.

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Jacob B Khurgin. 2026-07-25. Can Second-Order Nonlinearity in Metal-Dielectric Metamaterials Pave a Way Toward Elusive Photonic Time Crystals?. https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.23363

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