Time-refined Triebel--Lizorkin Estimates and Applications to Keller--Segel Type Equations

Abstract

We develop heat-flow estimates in critical homogeneous Triebel--Lizorkin spaces and apply them to two-dimensional Keller--Segel type equations. For $q>2$, we show that the heat-flow from $\dot F^0_{1,q}(\mathbb R^2)$ to $L^2(0,T;\dot F^1_{1,q}(\mathbb R^2))$ is unbounded. This motivates the introduction of new spaces, time-refined Triebel--Lizorkin spaces, in which the time norm is taken before the dyadic summation. In this framework, we establish a family of heat smoothing estimates together with the corresponding maximal regularity. We further prove Banach-valued Peetre estimates, Banach-valued Jawerth-type estimate, homogeneous Poisson estimate, and an endpoint bilinear estimate for the Keller--Segel drift. As an application, we obtain local well-posedness for arbitrary initial data and global well-posedness for sufficiently small initial data in the critical space $\dot F^0_{1,q}(\mathbb R^2)$, $2\le q<\infty$, for the two-dimensional parabolic--elliptic Keller--Segel equation. The same analytic framework also yields analogous well-posedness results for a related two-component drift--diffusion system.