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arXiv · 2607.24230

Umulsai: A Plain-Text Format and In-Browser Engraving System for Jeongganbo, Korean Mensural Notation

Danbinaerin Han
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Abstract

Jeongganbo is a grid-based mensural notation created in fifteenth-century Korea and still in standard use for Korean traditional music. Its structure -- a vertical column of square beat-cells read right to left, in which the position and share of a syllable inside a cell encode its duration -- is incompatible with engraving systems built for Western staff notation, and no practical digital tool for producing it has been in sustained distribution. This report describes the technical design of Umulsai, a jeongganbo editor that runs entirely in a web browser as a static, serverless application. Its core is (i) a human-writable plain-text format whose spatial arrangement corresponds one-to-one with the notational grid, so that duration is expressed by position and share in the text exactly as on the page; (ii) an engraving engine that formalizes the typesetting conventions of published scores -- right-to-left column flow, daegang section lines, octave-variant Sinographs, ornament attachment and micro-spacing -- as automatic rules; and (iii) a dependency-free implementation in which documents remain plain data, enabling print-quality output, playback, and interchange with recently proposed machine-oriented encodings of jeongganbo. We specify the format and its rhythmic semantics, describe the engraving model and its typographic edge cases, and discuss limitations and planned interoperability with MusicXML/MEI and optical music recognition pipelines. The implementation was produced through an AI-assisted workflow led by a domain expert and verified behaviorally against published reference scores; this workflow and its verification regime are disclosed in the report.

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Danbinaerin Han. 2026-07-27. Umulsai: A Plain-Text Format and In-Browser Engraving System for Jeongganbo, Korean Mensural Notation. https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.24230

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