Focal-Plane Diagnostics of Atmospheric and Dome-Induced Turbulence: Exploring techniques and applications

Begoña García-Lorenzo; Seifeldin Abouelella; Kabir Baig; Zenaida García Rodríguez; Kshitij Ghimire; Moisés Pulido Torres; Alejandro Trujillo Ramos; Jose A. Acosta-Pulido; Julio A. Castro-Almazán; Donaji Esparza-Arredondo; Antonio Eff-Darwich

arXiv · 2607.28092

Focal-Plane Diagnostics of Atmospheric and Dome-Induced Turbulence: Exploring techniques and applications

Begoña García-Lorenzo·Seifeldin Abouelella·Kabir Baig·Zenaida García Rodríguez·Kshitij Ghimire·Moisés Pulido Torres·Alejandro Trujillo Ramos·Jose A. Acosta-Pulido·Julio A. Castro-Almazán·Donaji Esparza-Arredondo·Antonio Eff-Darwich

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Abstract

Atmospheric turbulence remains the dominant source of image degradation in ground-based astronomy. Its impact depends not only on the integrated turbulence strength but also on the wavefront spatial-coherence outer scale (\LO) and on turbulence generated within the telescope enclosure (dome seeing). While seeing, coherence time, and related parameters are routinely monitored at major observatories, measurements of \LO\ and dome-induced turbulence remain sparse, limiting our ability to predict image quality and to construct accurate point-spread function (PSF) models. Building on methodology recently developed for seeing-limited integral-field spectroscopic (IFS) data, we present a series of complementary studies showing how spatial information encoded in standard observations can be used to diagnose both atmospheric and dome turbulence. We investigate the feasibility of extending these techniques beyond IFS observations to other seeing-limited instruments through the analysis of wavelength-dependent spatial profiles. We also present the development of data-driven three-dimensional PSF models based on atmospheric statistics for the reconstruction of seeing-limited IFS observations. These results show that widely available seeing-limited scientific observations, both from archival data and routine observatory operations, can provide meaningful and operationally useful constraints on key turbulence parameters and on the spectral behavior of dome seeing, complementing dedicated site-testing instrumentation. The resulting turbulence diagnostics have direct applications to PSF modelling, image reconstruction, image-quality prediction, and the optimization of future ELT operations.

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Begoña García-Lorenzo, Seifeldin Abouelella, Kabir Baig, Zenaida García Rodríguez, Kshitij Ghimire, Moisés Pulido Torres, Alejandro Trujillo Ramos, Jose A. Acosta-Pulido, Julio A. Castro-Almazán, Donaji Esparza-Arredondo, Antonio Eff-Darwich. 2026-07-30. Focal-Plane Diagnostics of Atmospheric and Dome-Induced Turbulence: Exploring techniques and applications. https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.28092

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