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arXiv · 2607.29184

Joint X-ray and gamma-ray analysis at the photon level: Application to MSH 15-52

Katharina Egg·Alison M. W. Mitchell
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Abstract

Joint analysis of multi-wavelength (MWL) data at the level of photon events is challenging, but it provides a statistically preferable method of fitting the data, in contrast to fitting derived flux points. Data from X-ray and gamma-ray instruments are well-suited for a joint description, due to their common physical origin (same particle population and non-thermal processes) and incidentally also due to the high similarity of their formats. Such a description is especially desirable for objects such as pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe), diffuse sources that originate from outflows of particles that have been accelerated by pulsars. Photon emission is generated by particle interactions with the surrounding magnetic and radiation fields. The rich MWL emission from PWNe renders MWL studies essential to obtain a comprehensive picture of their physical properties. We demonstrate a joint MWL analysis of 3D X-ray and gamma-ray data at the photon event level by importing eROSITA X-ray data into the Gammapy software framework. We present our pipeline for converting eROSITA 3D (two spatial and one spectral dimension) event data into a Gammapy-readable format. We validated the approach through comparison with standard X-ray data products and analysis. Furthermore a 3D eROSITA data analysis as well as a joint fit with 3D H.E.S.S. data and Fermi 4FGL catalogue flux points was performed. We show through the analysis of data from the PWN MSH\,15-52 that 1D fits of Gammapy-extracted eROSITA spectra agree with the results of the native X-ray tool PyXspec. We demonstrate that 3D analyses on X-ray data can be conducted, with both background subtraction and background modelling. Furthermore, we show that joint analyses at event level between 3D X-ray and gamma-ray data can be conducted in Gammapy. This opens up exciting new possibilities for joint analyses of PWNe and other objects.

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Katharina Egg, Alison M. W. Mitchell. 2026-07-31. Joint X-ray and gamma-ray analysis at the photon level: Application to MSH 15-52. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361%2F202660153

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