A Subsampling Theorem for Constraint Satisfaction Problems with Large Arity

Martino Bernasconi; Matteo Castiglioni; Andrea Celli; Gabriele Farina; Giulio Malavolta

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arXiv · 2608.00203

A Subsampling Theorem for Constraint Satisfaction Problems with Large Arity

Martino Bernasconi·Matteo Castiglioni·Andrea Celli·Gabriele Farina·Giulio Malavolta

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Abstract

Subsampling theorems for constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs) guarantee that the value of the CSP is approximately preserved after restricting it to small random subsets of variables. We provide the first subsampling theorem for CSPs, which requires a sample size that is polynomial in the arity $k$ and error $\varepsilon$, and polylogarithmic in the alphabet size $q$. This improves upon the subsampling theorem of Barak, Hardt, Holenstein, and Steurer (SODA '11), which achieves a polynomial dependency on $\varepsilon$ and polylogarithmic in $q$ only in the constant-arity regime. Our subsampling theorem has applications in interactive proofs and property testing. In interactive proofs, it provides a key missing ingredient for the proof of Aaronson, Impagliazzo, and Moshkovitz (CCC '14) that $\textsf{AM}(\textsf{poly})=\textsf{AM}$ (where $\textsf{AM}(k)$ is the class of languages decidable by Arthur-Merlin protocols with $k$ non-communicating Merlins with independent questions). In property testing, it yields the first one-sided tester for satisfiability with sample size polynomial in the arity $k$ and the error $\varepsilon^{-1}$, and polylogarithmic in the alphabet size $q$.

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Martino Bernasconi, Matteo Castiglioni, Andrea Celli, Gabriele Farina, Giulio Malavolta. 2026-07-31. A Subsampling Theorem for Constraint Satisfaction Problems with Large Arity. https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.00203

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