Entanglement Scaling and Full Counting Statistics in Excited States of Two-Dimensional Rotating Fermions

Abstract

We investigate the entanglement entropy of a class of $N$-particle excited state of fermions confined in a two-dimensional harmonic trap rotating at an angular frequency $\Omega$. The excited state is constructed by filling a particular set of $N$ single-particle energy levels. We analytically compute the R\'enyi entropies of order $q$ in a disc of radius $r$ around the centre of the trap, and the cumulants corresponding to number fluctuations of fermions within the disc. We found that the area law scaling of entanglement entropy holds even for a class of excited states. We also verified the well-known series expansion of entanglement entropy in terms of the particle number cumulants for non-interacting fermions. We further derive the centered cumulant generating function, demonstrating that the associated probability distribution function in the disc has identical scaling properties, up to a variable shift, to the known ground-state result. Finally, we extend our result to an annular region, showing that both the R\'enyi entropy and particle number cumulants of the annulus decompose into sums of the corresponding quantities of the two bounding discs. These additive relations hold as long as the width of the annulus is sufficiently large.