The Price of Order in the Logarithmic Method

Sichen Wang; Zhipeng Lu; Jingbang Chen

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arXiv · 2608.06388

The Price of Order in the Logarithmic Method

Sichen Wang·Zhipeng Lu·Jingbang Chen

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Abstract

The logarithmic method is a classical static-to-dynamic transformation: it stores one dynamic ordered set as several immutable static components and rebuilds them by merges. The same component-and-merge discipline underlies write-optimized ordered indexes, where cheap insertions must be reconciled with exact ordered queries. In this paper, we study the insertion-only version after $n$ insertions, over abstract keys, in a strongly materialized merge-stack model with sequential component merges and one forward scan of the live components per query. We bound the product between the total amount of data written during the $n$ insertions and the worst-case amount of data read by a single query, known as the write-read product. The optimal bounds are as follows: - Membership and local certificates: $\Theta(n\log^2 n)$. - Order and range queries with named keys or endpoints: $\Theta(n\log^3 n)$. - Select: $\Theta(n^2)$. Thus, the logarithmic method does not impose a universal dynamic overhead: under materialized one-way access, the optimum depends on what information the query reveals before the scan starts. This pinpoints the access-model obstruction behind the extra logarithm for exact order and range queries, and the quadratic barrier for select.

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Sichen Wang, Zhipeng Lu, Jingbang Chen. 2026-07-26. The Price of Order in the Logarithmic Method. https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.06388

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