The Multilingual Quantization Tax: Structural Collapse and Typological Fragility in Edge SLMs

Mohammad Wathiq Soualhi

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arXiv · 2608.09941

The Multilingual Quantization Tax: Structural Collapse and Typological Fragility in Edge SLMs

Mohammad Wathiq Soualhi

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Abstract

While 4-bit weight quantization is critical for deploying Small Language Models (SLMs) on edge devices, evaluations of the resulting performance degradation-the quantization tax-remain overwhelmingly English-centric. We present a zero-shot multilingual evaluation of 4-bit quantization across the Gemma 4 and Qwen 3.5 architectures. Evaluating on eight typo-logically diverse languages using MMLU ProX Lite and GlobalPIQA, we show parameter truncation exposes deep pre-training inequalities. We identify four phenomena: (1) Typological Fragility: low-resource and specific non-Latin scripts suffer representational collapse via architecture-specific double dissociations, failing to generate valid task logits; (2) Home Language Fragility Paradox: foundational pre-training pathways provide limited precision loss protection; (3) Domain-Specific Forgetting: multi-step cross-lingual routing degrades while associative soft-science recall remains robust; and (4) Quantization Resistance: highly saturated, typologically aligned domains resist deterministic degradation, with post-quantization performance gains bounded by statistical noise.

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Mohammad Wathiq Soualhi. 2026-06-21. The Multilingual Quantization Tax: Structural Collapse and Typological Fragility in Edge SLMs. https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.09941

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