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arXiv · 2608.20815

Bethe-root configurations and spectral degeneracy in the open XXZ chain with degenerate boundaries

Shizhang Wu·Shu Chen·Junpeng Cao·Xin Zhang
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Abstract

We investigate the structure of Bethe-root configurations in the spin-1/2 XXZ chain with degenerate open boundaries. The physical solutions of the Bethe Ansatz equations are classified into three types in the fully degenerate case and two types in the partially degenerate case, for which we propose counting formulas for the number of physical solution sets of each type. Furthermore, we observe spectral degeneracies in the fully degenerate case and show that they can be naturally explained by the presence of specific phantom strings in the Bethe roots. The classification and resulting spectral degeneracies in the diagonal limit are also discussed.

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Shizhang Wu, Shu Chen, Junpeng Cao, Xin Zhang. 2026-08-21. Bethe-root configurations and spectral degeneracy in the open XXZ chain with degenerate boundaries. https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.20815

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