HoloCMA: A Holographic Eye on Coarse-Mode Aerosols

Nikil Krishnakumar; Ryne A. Juidici; Nicholas Bravo-Frank; Shibo Wang; Qisheng Ou; Francisco J. Romayb; Wing Lai; Chongai Kuang; Naruki Hiranuma; David Y. H. Pui; Jiarong Hong

arXiv · 2608.26466

HoloCMA: A Holographic Eye on Coarse-Mode Aerosols

Nikil Krishnakumar·Ryne A. Juidici·Nicholas Bravo-Frank·Shibo Wang·Qisheng Ou·Francisco J. Romayb·Wing Lai·Chongai Kuang·Naruki Hiranuma·David Y. H. Pui·Jiarong Hong

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Abstract

Coarse-mode aerosols (CMAs), including pollen, spores, and dust, remain difficult to characterize in situ because conventional instruments rarely resolve particle geometry and number concentration together. We present HoloCMA, which combines digital inline holography, numerical reconstruction, and deep learning-assisted analysis for particle-resolved measurement. Its optical system targets particles from approximately 5.0 um to the millimeter scale. HoloCMA supports active sampling at up to 30.0 L/min and converts to open-path operation by removing the sampling module. With an NVIDIA GeForce RTX 5070 Laptop GPU and 8 GB VRAM, HoloCMA reports equivalent circular diameter (ECD) and number concentration in real time without sustained queue buildup up to 11.4 particles/cm3. Additional computing could extend real-time analysis to the workflow limit of 100.0 particles/cm3. We evaluated HoloCMA using polystyrene latex spheres, sodium chloride and ammonium sulfate crystals, and oleic acid droplets with nominal diameters of 4.9-11.8 um, with an Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (APS) for comparison. Across 12 comparisons, absolute differences between HoloCMA and corrected APS geometric-mean diameters ranged from less than 0.1 to 1.0 um, with a mean absolute difference of 0.5 um and a mean absolute relative difference of 8.4%. HoloCMA measures geometric size directly from reconstructed contours, whereas converting APS aerodynamic diameter requires material-specific assumptions. The APS-to-HoloCMA concentration ratio generally decreased with particle size, consistent with size-dependent transport and counting losses in the APS, although the cause could not be determined conclusively. HoloCMA thus enables continuous CMA measurements that combine geometric size, number concentration, and retained particle images, supporting classification and long-term atmospheric, environmental, and indoor-air monitoring.

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Nikil Krishnakumar, Ryne A. Juidici, Nicholas Bravo-Frank, Shibo Wang, Qisheng Ou, Francisco J. Romayb, Wing Lai, Chongai Kuang, Naruki Hiranuma, David Y. H. Pui, Jiarong Hong. 2026-08-26. HoloCMA: A Holographic Eye on Coarse-Mode Aerosols. https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.26466

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