Interface Conditions for Wave Propagation Through a Time-varying Metasurface

Vishnu Raveendran; Barbara Verfürth

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arXiv · 2608.27061

Interface Conditions for Wave Propagation Through a Time-varying Metasurface

Vishnu Raveendran·Barbara Verfürth

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Abstract

We study wave propagation through a time-modulated thin heterogeneous layer. The layer is assumed to have a thickness of order $\es\ll 1$ and its material properties exhibit rapid oscillations on multiple spatial and temporal scales. We aim to rigorously derive the effective model and the corresponding interface conditions for wave propagation through the limiting interface. To perform the homogenization together with dimension reduction, we generalize the notion of two-scale convergence for thin layer introduced by Neuss-Radu and J\"ager (2007) to a multiple space-time scale framework. One of the main analytical difficulties arising in the homogenization analysis is that, in general, a uniform energy estimate cannot be obtained for a wave equation with time-varying coefficients. Therefore, we identify two physically relevant classes of coefficients for which we can derive a uniform energy bound. These include coefficients with traveling wave-type modulations of their properties. Using the energy estimates and the multiscale convergence for thin layer concept, we derive the effective model, which consists of linear wave equations in the bulk domains coupled through a nonstandard jump condition at the interface. This jump condition is governed by a wave-type dynamical equation with effective macroscopic coefficients determined by suitable cell problems of elliptic and hyperbolic type. Finally, we discuss the uniqueness of the effective model.

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Vishnu Raveendran, Barbara Verfürth. 2026-08-27. Interface Conditions for Wave Propagation Through a Time-varying Metasurface. https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.27061

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