Gromov-Hausdorff Stability and Rigidity of manifolds via Heisenberg-Pauli-Weyl Uncertainty Principle

Abstract

The classical Heisenberg Pauli Weyl (HPW) inequality exhibits a strong rigidity phenomenon on Riemannian manifolds i.e. on Cartan Hadamard manifolds and those with non-negative Ricci curvature, the validity of the Euclidean HPW inequality or the existence of extremizers strictly forces the manifold to be isometric to Euclidean space, $\mathbb{R}^n$. This geometric discrepancy motivates the study of curvature dependent corrections and their associated stability properties. In this article, we investigate the geometric stability of the HPW inequality. Specifically, given a sequence of pointed Riemannian manifolds and appropriately normalized functions with a vanishing HPW deficit, we address whether the sequence converges to the corresponding model space in the pointed Gromov Hausdorff topology. We prove that for pinched Cartan Hadamard manifolds with sectional curvature bounded above by $c < 0$, the manifolds converge to the model hyperbolic space $\mathbb{H}^n_c$. In the non-negative Ricci curvature setting, we establish convergence to $\mathbb{R}^n$, up to a metric rescaling factor governed by the sequence's moment term. Consequently, we deduce that the known HPW inequality formulated via the asymptotic volume ratio (AVR) is suboptimal for non negatively Ricci curved manifolds not isometric to Euclidean space. To resolve this, we introduce a curvature corrected HPW inequality for this setting, analogous to the Cartan Hadamard case. Finally, we establish quantitative rigidity estimates in both curvature regimes, demonstrating that the HPW deficit when evaluated at Gaussian profiles which explicitly controls an appropriately defined distance to the respective model space.