The axial-vector nucleon form factor in the meson dominance picture: the role triangle singularities from a dispersive view

Abstract

The nucleon axial form factor is analyzed in terms of a dispersion relation comprising chiral perturbation theory (ChPT) and perturbative QCD (pQCD) in the low- and high-momentum regimes respectively, which implies a set of superconvergence sum rules for the $A \to N \bar N$ spectral function. In the timelike region below the $N \bar N$ production threshold we include the $a_1$ and $a_1'$ resonances, with finite-width effects modeled through $\rho \pi$ and $\sigma \pi$ intermediate states. Above the $N \bar N$ threshold, we model an infinite tower of radially excited $1^{++}$ resonances with a non-integer power fall-off, eventually matching pQCD. In this setup, we find that both the ChPT and pQCD contributions are tiny. In turn, the dominant $\rho\pi$ triangle provides the leading deviations from axial meson dominance. Our calculation is not a fit; it contains parameters with a priori uncertainties estimates. The axial radius is predicted to be $r_A^2 =(0.28-0.33)~\textrm{fm}^2 = ( 0.47-0.57~\textrm{fm})^2$ in agreement with recent lattice QCD results but inconsistent with the MINER$\nu$A determination. A simple semiempirical formula is provided accounting for the main physical effects.