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arXiv · 2609.08672

X2Streaming-ASR: wait when uncertain, emit when ready for streaming ASR

Zhiwei Lin·Kaiqi Fu·Rime Wen·Zehan Liu·Shawn Qin·Roy Gan·Hao Wang·Qian Wang
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Abstract

Streaming automatic speech recognition (ASR) for real-time voice agents and full-duplex dialogue must provide accurate partial transcripts with low commit latency. Existing systems commonly use a fixed chunk size, look-ahead, or target delay, or encourage emissions near estimated acoustic boundaries. These approaches do not directly optimize how much additional context to use at each output position under a single-pass, hard-commit constraint. We propose X2Streaming-ASR, which decomposes streaming recognition into when to commit and what to commit. Its three-stage training procedure first establishes streaming recognition ability, then warm-starts the commit policy with automatically probed trajectories, and finally refines the policy using character-level, segment-assigned group-relative rewards for recognition accuracy and latency. Across AISHELL-1/2/3 and WenetSpeech, X2Streaming-ASR achieves a mean character-level commit latency of 27-84 ms relative to forced-aligned character endpoints, compared with 409-585 ms for the evaluated streaming baselines. It achieves the best streaming CER among the evaluated systems on AISHELL-1 and AISHELL-3 with substantially lower latency.

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Zhiwei Lin, Kaiqi Fu, Rime Wen, Zehan Liu, Shawn Qin, Roy Gan, Hao Wang, Qian Wang. 2026-09-08. X2Streaming-ASR: wait when uncertain, emit when ready for streaming ASR. https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.08672

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