Learning Intrusion Response Strategies for OT Systems

Duc Huy Le; Rolf Stadler

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arXiv · 2609.10298

Learning Intrusion Response Strategies for OT Systems

Duc Huy Le·Rolf Stadler

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Abstract

Cyberattacks against Operational Technology (OT) systems, which monitor and control industrial processes, pose an increasing threat to essential societal services. For this reason, developing automated intrusion response strategies is highly important. In this paper, we present a formal model of an OT intrusion response use case using the POMDP framework. It includes a realistic model of partial observability that is based on traffic measurements. This approach allows us to develop tractable, learning-based solution methods for automated intrusion response, which are based on PPO. We evaluate the obtained response strategies on an emulated OT system and find that they are effective against several types of MITRE attacks for the studied use case.

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Duc Huy Le, Rolf Stadler. 2026-09-09. Learning Intrusion Response Strategies for OT Systems. https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.10298

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