Emergence of a convex strange term via homogenization of non-local energies at the critical exponent

Abstract

We derive the $\Gamma$-limit of convolution-type and discrete energies subject to Dirichlet boundary conditions on periodically perforated domains at the critical exponent. We assume that the length-scale of the non-local interactions is much smaller than the side-length of the cubic perforations and prove that a separation of scales occurs. Exploiting the analogies between the variational frameworks of our interest, we employ a unified argument to overcome the technical difficulties that arise from the scaling invariance of the energies. Our multiscale analysis yields a novel observation that is not related to the non-local nature of the functionals, but rather to the analysis at the critical exponent: we prove that the energy density of the $\textit{strange term}$ is convex, even in the vector-valued setting.