Massive Galaxy Halos Contain Less Inner Dark Matter Than Predicted

Yu-Chen Wang; Yingjie Peng; Xiaohu Yang; Luis C. Ho; Dingyi Zhao; Jing Dou; Hao Fu; Zeyu Gao; Qiusheng Gu; Fangzhou Jiang; Yukun Liu; Roberto Maiolino; Houjun Mo; Canpo Su; Bitao Wang; Kai Wang; Bingxiao Xu; Feng Yuan; Kunyao Zhao; Xingye Zhu

arXiv · 2609.19132

Massive Galaxy Halos Contain Less Inner Dark Matter Than Predicted

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Abstract

The mass profiles of galaxy halos encode how baryons reshape dark matter distribution, yet direct observational constraints across the full radial range remain scarce. Here we combine stellar kinematics from MaNGA, H I dynamical measurements from ALFALFA, and independently calibrated halo masses of SDSS groups to statistically reconstruct the mass distribution of central galaxies over nearly two orders of magnitude in radius. We demonstrate that H I data alone do not provide reliable total halo mass estimates, necessitating an independent group-based halo-mass scale. Compared to the IllustrisTNG and EAGLE simulations, the observational profiles of low-mass halos are broadly consistent; in contrast, massive observed halos exhibit systematically lower dynamical masses at the H I radius, lower inner dark-matter masses, and lower central dark-matter fractions (about 4$σ$ difference in units of population scatter) at fixed total halo mass. After subtracting baryonic contributions, the inferred dark-matter profiles remain broadly consistent with an NFW form, but with lower effective concentrations than predicted for massive halos. These results suggest that the inner dark-matter content of massive halos has been reduced more significantly than predicted by current hydrodynamical simulations, plausibly due to long-term baryonic halo heating in massive systems.

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Yu-Chen Wang, Yingjie Peng, Xiaohu Yang, Luis C. Ho, Dingyi Zhao, Jing Dou, Hao Fu, Zeyu Gao, Qiusheng Gu, Fangzhou Jiang, Yukun Liu, Roberto Maiolino, Houjun Mo, Canpo Su, Bitao Wang, Kai Wang, Bingxiao Xu, Feng Yuan, Kunyao Zhao, Xingye Zhu. 2026-09-16. Massive Galaxy Halos Contain Less Inner Dark Matter Than Predicted. https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.19132

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