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arXiv · 2609.23199

LMMSE-Based Phase Estimator for Fiber-Optic Coherent Spread-Spectrum FBG-Based Sensing Systems

Yiyang Bai·Élie Awwad·Michèle Wigger
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Abstract

Fiber Bragg grating (FBG)-based sensing enables localized strain and temperature monitoring by tracking the phase changes of the light reflected from FBGs inserted along a fiber. A major source of disturbance in such systems is laser phase noise, and its influence is typically mitigated by means of additional hardware. In this article, we propose to mitigate the influence of laser phase noise by means of digital signal processing. We propose a practical estimator for coherent single-polarization spread-spectrum FBG-based sensing systems, which is motivated by linearizing the complex received signal and approximating the loss function to formulate a minimum mean square error (MMSE) estimation problem. Moreover, a Cramer-Rao lower bound for this FBG-based estimation problem is presented. Our simulation results demonstrate that the performance of our proposed estimator lies close to the Cramer-Rao lower bound, thus indicating that our estimator effectively compensates for phase noise in FBG-based sensing systems.

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Yiyang Bai, Élie Awwad, Michèle Wigger. 2026-09-19. LMMSE-Based Phase Estimator for Fiber-Optic Coherent Spread-Spectrum FBG-Based Sensing Systems. https://doi.org/10.1109/jphot.2026.3734836

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