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arXiv · 2609.26209

When Unpaired Sets Support Shared-Corruption Calibration: Moment Geometry and Two-Sample Precision

Shuheng Cao·Zhenhao Zhang·Ruiqi Chen·Renjie Cao·Siyu Zhang·Zhaoxiang Feng·Lingwei Dang·Haoyang Wu
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Abstract

Collections of diverse observations often share one acquisition, processing, geometric, or channel corruption, while only an unpaired clean reference set is available. For a prescribed low-dimensional correction shared across observations, the observed and clean reference sets support inference only through the response of fixed moments. We formulate this problem as two-sample moment calibration and report a rank-aware information state combining local rank, scaled moment sensitivity, source-separated covariance, and a moment compatibility residual. Full rank gives local moment identifiability, whereas kernel directions remain unresolved to first order. A unified linearization separates observed-set and reference-set uncertainty. Under covariance weighting, the weakest scaled singular value determines worst-direction asymptotic amplification. For an orientation-preserving planar-similarity correction shared across observations, ensemble centroids and a nonzero third-order complex moment yield closed-form global population identification of translation, rotation, and isotropic scale under matched-population and no-clipping assumptions. Controlled validation tests the predicted $N^{-1}$ and $σ_{\min}^{-2}$ laws, Gaussian efficiency, and interval coverage. Bounded applications report color corrected-output quality, channel magnitude-response calibration, and a separate paired geometric de-beautification result. The framework therefore reports missing or weak information instead of treating every fitted correction as identified.

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Shuheng Cao, Zhenhao Zhang, Ruiqi Chen, Renjie Cao, Siyu Zhang, Zhaoxiang Feng, Lingwei Dang, Haoyang Wu. 2026-08-11. When Unpaired Sets Support Shared-Corruption Calibration: Moment Geometry and Two-Sample Precision. https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.26209

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