An auditable conditional-strategy framework for open-ended decision-making in complex lung cancer

Daoyun Wang; Zhicheng Huang; Huaiyuan Sun; Jiaqi Xu; Xiaowei Xu; Zhibo Zheng; Zhongxing Bing; Yuxiao Lin; Yicheng Liang; Chao Gao; Bowen Xue; Kai Zhang; Song Xu; Wanpu Yan; Hui Xia; Lin Li; Xiang Yan; Mu Hu; Qianli Ma; Zhiqiang Xue; Xiaofang Liu; Zhihai Han; Nan Zhang; Chuanhao Tang; Tongmei Zhang; Lan Song; Zhaohui Zhu; Xuan Zeng; Shafei Wu; Hui Guan; Lei Deng; Huaxia Yang; Zeliang Lian; Wubin Sun; Yongxin Wang; Xiaohui Shen; Binlin Wang; Tiantian Gu; Yu Cui; Li Zhang; Shirui Wang; Naixin Liang

arXiv · 2609.29381

An auditable conditional-strategy framework for open-ended decision-making in complex lung cancer

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Abstract

Complex lung cancer decisions can involve several defensible pathways whose eligibility, sequencing and safety depend on unresolved information. Effective support must make explicit how patient conditions govern pathway eligibility, deferral and redirection. MedGPT Clinical Explorer (MCE) organizes alternatives, decision-changing unknowns, safety constraints and fallback into a conditional strategy for clinician review. To evaluate this representation in physician-authored strategies, multidisciplinary experts established case-specific references for 40 cases within a purposive 100-case corpus, and 250 physicians from 98 institutions produced 2,250 strategies under unaided, retrieval-reference and MCE-assisted conditions. MCE-assisted strategies expressed more applicable clinical requirements, measured by the Admissible Pathway Attainment Score (APAS; 0-100), than unaided strategies (adjusted difference, 12.87; 95% CI, 11.18-14.55) and retrieval-reference strategies (5.22; 3.52-6.93). With the same knowledge base available in the retrieval-reference and MCE-assisted conditions, the additional content centered on candidate pathways, decision-critical information and safety constraints. Physicians' whole-strategy acceptability judgments correlated with APAS (Spearman's rho = 0.671), while a complementary relationship audit assessed whether candidates, conditions and subsequent actions were coherently connected. Together, these findings identify two complementary dimensions of open-ended decision support: coverage of clinically relevant content and coherent links among pathways, conditions and subsequent actions. MCE provides a shared decision object that makes consequential omissions and pathway contingencies visible before action; prospective studies should evaluate its effects on clinical workflow and patient outcomes.

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Daoyun Wang, Zhicheng Huang, Huaiyuan Sun, Jiaqi Xu, Xiaowei Xu, Zhibo Zheng, Zhongxing Bing, Yuxiao Lin, Yicheng Liang, Chao Gao, Bowen Xue, Kai Zhang, Song Xu, Wanpu Yan, Hui Xia, Lin Li, Xiang Yan, Mu Hu, Qianli Ma, Zhiqiang Xue, Xiaofang Liu, Zhihai Han, Nan Zhang, Chuanhao Tang, Tongmei Zhang, Lan Song, Zhaohui Zhu, Xuan Zeng, Shafei Wu, Hui Guan, Lei Deng, Huaxia Yang, Zeliang Lian, Wubin Sun, Yongxin Wang, Xiaohui Shen, Binlin Wang, Tiantian Gu, Yu Cui, Li Zhang, Shirui Wang, Naixin Liang. 2026-09-24. An auditable conditional-strategy framework for open-ended decision-making in complex lung cancer. https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.29381

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