High-frequency gravitational waves from microscopic particle-graviton associated production in bubble collisions

Peilin Chen; Dayun Qiu; Zihong Cheng; Fa Peng Huang

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arXiv · 2609.31495

High-frequency gravitational waves from microscopic particle-graviton associated production in bubble collisions

Peilin Chen·Dayun Qiu·Zihong Cheng·Fa Peng Huang

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Abstract

Cosmological first-order phase transitions are well-known sources of gravitational waves from bubble collisions and plasma dynamics. In this work, we investigate an additional microscopic source directly arising from the associated production of particles and gravitons during bubble collisions. Focusing on runaway bubble walls, we calculate the gravitational wave spectra from two-body scalar-graviton production and three-body processes involving scalar or fermion pairs accompanied by a graviton. We derive analytic approximations and numerically evaluate the resulting spectra, revealing a high-frequency gravitational wave component that can complement conventional lower-frequency signals from the same phase transition. This mechanism offers a potential multiband signature and establishes a connection between gravitational radiation and the production of dark matter or other new particles. Our findings provide a new physics target for future high-frequency gravitational wave experiments and a complementary probe of particle production in the early Universe.

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Peilin Chen, Dayun Qiu, Zihong Cheng, Fa Peng Huang. 2026-09-25. High-frequency gravitational waves from microscopic particle-graviton associated production in bubble collisions. https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.31495

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