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arXiv · 2609.38088

Boundary Criticality in (2+1)-dimensional U(1) Dirac Quantum Spin Liquid

Huan Jiang·Zhiming Pan·Xue-Jia Yu·Shao-Kai Jian
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Abstract

An emergent gauge field can control boundary critical behavior without changing the bulk quantum spin liquid. We investigate the boundary criticality in $(2+1)$-dimensional $U(1)$ Dirac spin liquid, whose low-energy physics is described by massless quantum electrodynamics. Using a perturbative renormalization-group analysis in a half-space, we show that Neumann and Dirichlet boundary conditions for the emergent gauge field lead to distinct boundary universality classes. We determine the boundary scaling dimensions of the fundamental fields and gauge-invariant operators that provide observable signatures. We further propose a fermion-gauge lattice model with tunable boundary interactions as a microscopic setting for realizing and probing these boundary universality classes.

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Huan Jiang, Zhiming Pan, Xue-Jia Yu, Shao-Kai Jian. 2026-09-29. Boundary Criticality in (2+1)-dimensional U(1) Dirac Quantum Spin Liquid. https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.38088

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