arXiv2026
Dynamical billiards consist of a particle on a two-dimensional table, bouncing elastically off the boundary. The state of the system is given by two numbers: one describing the location along the curve where the bounce occurs, and another describing the incoming angle of the trajectory before the bounce. Tracking these numbers over successive bounces defines a two-dimensional area preserving map, and iterating this map gives a dynamical system first studied by Birkhoff. Although there are powerful theoretical results showing that generic (strictly convex) billiards exhibit chaotic dynamics, it is nevertheless difficult (if not impossible) to decide when a given billiard table is generic and one will often resort to numerical computations. In this paper, we employ the parameterization method to compute high order Taylor expansions of the local stable/unstable manifolds attached to periodic orbits of billiard maps. Globalizing appropriate fundamental domains locates transverse intersections, providing insight into the existence and location of chaotic invariant sets. A key step in implementing the parameterization method is computing the composition of a given polynomial with the (implicitly defined) billiard map, and we show that this can be done efficiently using the discrete Fourier transform (DFT). The DFT requires evaluating the composition on a disk in the complex plane, so that we must first extend the billiard table/map to a complex domain. This problem is addressed from a computational perspective.