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arXiv · 2610.02497

LiteEMG-FM: An Efficient and Deployable Foundation Model for Robust EMG Sensing

Tianhao Wu·Xu Wu·Amirmohammad Radmehr·Jiawei Yu·Yi Wu·Phuc Nguyen·Jian Liu
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Abstract

Electromyography (EMG) signals vary substantially across individuals, body regions, recording sessions, and sensing hardware, limiting the generalization of models for assistive devices and human-computer interaction. Existing time-series foundation models are also computationally expensive for real-time wearable deployment and often fail to capture EMG-specific time-frequency characteristics. We present LiteEMG-FM, an efficient hybrid CNN-Transformer foundation model for practical EMG sensing. Pretrained on 16 diverse upper- and lower-limb EMG datasets, LiteEMG-FM learns representations that generalize across users and datasets. For resource-constrained deployment, we implement a hierarchical wake-up architecture in which a lightweight, always-on 1D-CNN filters rest and non-target activity and activates LiteEMG-FM only for valid gestures. We evaluate full inference offloading, split inference, and full on-device processing, characterizing their trade-offs in latency, power consumption, and memory footprint. Across diverse evaluation settings, LiteEMG-FM outperforms state-of-the-art time-series foundation models and supervised baselines, particularly under zero-calibration cross-participant and data-scarce conditions. These results demonstrate that LiteEMG-FM is an effective, efficient, and deployable foundation model for EMG applications.

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Tianhao Wu, Xu Wu, Amirmohammad Radmehr, Jiawei Yu, Yi Wu, Phuc Nguyen, Jian Liu. 2026-10-01. LiteEMG-FM: An Efficient and Deployable Foundation Model for Robust EMG Sensing. https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.02497

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