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arXiv · 2610.07866

The Amplifier Effect: Human-Factor Risks of AI-Suggested Correlation and Auto-Propagation in Multi-Framework GRC Self-Assessment

Nikolaos Kekatos·Michael Ioannou·Marina Korgiala-Karyda·Alexios Lekidis·Tom Nianios
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Abstract

Multi-framework Governance, Risk and Compliance (GRC) platforms increasingly automate the link between an organisation's self-assessment answer and the compliance obligations that answer is said to satisfy. Cross-framework control mapping, AI-suggested question correlation, and automatic propagation of answers and evidence across correlated questions all serve the legitimate efficiency goal of reducing duplicate work for small and medium-sized enterprises under the EU Cyber Resilience Act, NIS2 and GDPR. The same mechanisms, however, amplify the consequences of any human-factor bias in a single answer: one optimistically-graded control, one rubber-stamped attestation, or one AI-drafted answer can be silently replicated as evidence of compliance with many obligations across multiple frameworks. We call this the amplifier effect: a platform-design property (coarse-grained attestation and un-gated propagation) rather than a failing of individual users. Using two EU-funded SME-facing GRC platforms, CYBERFORT and CYBER-BRIDGE, as examples, we (i) describe the amplification mechanism in concrete data-model terms, (ii) propose a six-dimension scoring framework for evaluating any GRC tool's exposure to the effect, (iii) instantiate the framework on a thirteen-tool comparison covering enterprise IRM, mid-market platforms, compliance-automation tools, and the two EU SME projects, and (iv) outline a measurement protocol that a consortium with access to production self-assessment data can run. The thirteen-tool comparison is a structured design assessment, not an empirical measurement of user behaviour. The EU SME platforms score lowest on the amplifier dimensions because their burden-reduction design deliberately trades sign-off granularity for throughput; we report this as a design trade-off, not a verdict on the platforms. Our contribution is the framing and the measurement protocol.

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Nikolaos Kekatos, Michael Ioannou, Marina Korgiala-Karyda, Alexios Lekidis, Tom Nianios. 2026-10-06. The Amplifier Effect: Human-Factor Risks of AI-Suggested Correlation and Auto-Propagation in Multi-Framework GRC Self-Assessment. https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.07866

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