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arXiv · 2610.12401

Learning Kilometer-Scale Weather Prediction with Global-Regional Alignment

Guowen Li·Yang Liu·Yujie Wang·Qiuyan Sun·Haoyuan Liang·Juepeng Zheng·Hong Cheng·Haohuan Fu
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Abstract

Kilometer-scale regional weather forecasting is essential for local weather warnings and weather-sensitive decisions. Existing data-driven approaches often rely on numerical forecasts for large-scale guidance or require additional training of global forecasting components. Pretrained global weather models offer an efficient source of large-scale forecasts, motivating their reuse to guide high-resolution regional prediction. However, this coupling requires aligning global and regional representations across different grids and integrating global guidance with local interactions to advance regional states. We propose ScaleCast, a regional forecasting framework that addresses these challenges through Global-Regional Alignment. Its Global-Regional Conversion module aligns joint global and regional representations with regional locations, while the Global-Regional Alignment and Dynamics block combines aligned guidance with regional neighborhood interactions. Experiments using ERA5 global analyses on a 0.25-degree grid and CERRA regional reanalysis at 5.5 km spacing demonstrate improved regional forecasts across surface and upper-air variables, with a single trained model supporting multiple global forecast drivers (i.e., Pangu-Weather, GraphCast, and HRES) without specific retraining. Fine-tuning on HRRR at 3 km spacing further demonstrates the framework's adaptability to a different regional domain and spatial resolution. Windstorm case studies show improved cyclone positioning and core-pressure estimates, while comparisons with HadISD station observations show closer agreement with local temperature and humidity changes.

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Guowen Li, Yang Liu, Yujie Wang, Qiuyan Sun, Haoyuan Liang, Juepeng Zheng, Hong Cheng, Haohuan Fu. 2026-10-08. Learning Kilometer-Scale Weather Prediction with Global-Regional Alignment. https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.12401

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