In-Situ TEM Observation of Solid-State Phase Evolution in High-Entropy Alloy Nanoparticles

Nirmal Kumar Katiyar; Noorbasha Bhavani Sai; Guilherme Gurian Dariani; Douglas S. Galvao; Pulickel M. Ajayan; Pedro Alves da Silva Autreto; Sriram Vijayan; Chandra Sekhar Tiwary

arXiv · 2610.14147

In-Situ TEM Observation of Solid-State Phase Evolution in High-Entropy Alloy Nanoparticles

Nirmal Kumar Katiyar·Noorbasha Bhavani Sai·Guilherme Gurian Dariani·Douglas S. Galvao·Pulickel M. Ajayan·Pedro Alves da Silva Autreto·Sriram Vijayan·Chandra Sekhar Tiwary

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Abstract

The emergence of new materials has gone beyond conventional design principles. Among them are high entropy alloys (HEAs), in which multiple metallic elements coexist within a single unit cell. In this case, each atomic position in a solid material has a different chemical environment, leading to configurational entropy as high as that in the fully random or melted state, which has been frozen to a solid solution. However, the behaviour of such alloy systems at pre-melting temperatures is largely unknown, where atoms gain sufficient mobility and time to rearrange, leading to an enthalpic rather than an entropic interplay. This study demonstrated the phase transformation of HEA nanoclusters (CoCrFeMnNi) under high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) at different temperatures, including room temperature (RT), 550 °C, and 850 °C. The clustered nanoparticles coarsen into larger clusters, accompanied by compositional heterogeneity due to surface and lattice diffusion. This experimental finding of atomic mobility was further corroborated using molecular dynamics, which provides a detailed mechanistic description.

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Nirmal Kumar Katiyar, Noorbasha Bhavani Sai, Guilherme Gurian Dariani, Douglas S. Galvao, Pulickel M. Ajayan, Pedro Alves da Silva Autreto, Sriram Vijayan, Chandra Sekhar Tiwary. 2026-10-09. In-Situ TEM Observation of Solid-State Phase Evolution in High-Entropy Alloy Nanoparticles. https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.14147

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