Implications for new physics solutions to the LSND and MiniBooNE anomalies after MicroBooNE results

Abstract

Over the past couple of decades, the Liquid Scintillator Neutrino Detector (LSND) and MiniBooNE (MB) neutrino experiments have provided statistically significant evidence of persistent and as yet unexplained electron-like event excesses. The MicroBooNE experiment, with sensitive particle identification capabilities designed to shed light on these anomalous results, has conducted a number of analyses to test whether the excess is due to photons, electrons or $e^+e^-$ pair productions, all of which give almost identical signals in LSND and MB. Recent MicroBooNE searches, in addition to checking Standard Model (SM) processes, have focused on proposed new physics scenarios involving new mediators and dark portals beyond the SM. We study the consequences and effects of these analyses for the many theoretical proposals put forth to generate the three types of signals above in order to understand the observed excesses. We discuss which classes of solutions are allowed, disallowed or require further scrutiny involving theoretical and experimental efforts. We give an example of a new solution that survives the restrictions imposed by MicroBooNE results and other existing bounds. We point out that a light ($m\leq 30$ MeV) dark neutral spin zero mediator with dominantly pseudoscalar couplings, decaying to an $e^+e^-$ pair, can account for the observations. We indicate that if such a model is realised, it may point to the possibility that neutrinos are Dirac particles, and that there are dark Heavy Neutral Leptons (HNLs) of mass ${\cal O}(100)$ MeV. We discuss issues related to CP violation and ultra-violet completion of these models. Finally we stress that a search for the excess in incoherent scattering channels in MicroBooNE and SBND could help clarify the physics behind these persistent anomalies.