CLUE: Uncovering Social Context for Pragmatic Understanding

Chengfei Wu; Zhaoqing Wu; Dan Goldwasser

Home/Archive/arXiv

arXiv · 2610.22167

CLUE: Uncovering Social Context for Pragmatic Understanding

Chengfei Wu·Zhaoqing Wu·Dan Goldwasser

View original source ↗Read source document ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

Understanding a conversation requires connecting what is said to the speakers' relationships, expectations, and earlier exchanges. Prior work shows that supplying relevant context can improve models' social judgments, but much of this information may already be present in the conversation. This motivates training models to discover the cues that matter and use them to support an interpretation. We propose CLUE, a two-stage training pipeline that combines supervised evidence reasoning with GRPO guided by Grounded Information Utilization ($\mathrm{IU}_{\mathrm{G}}$). This reward credits new, evidence-supported social inferences while accounting for reasoning effort. We train on a small set of conversational examples to assess effectiveness and generalization across tasks, languages, and genres. At inference time, the trained model reasons over the supplied interaction in a self-contained manner. Compared with base Qwen, CLUE achieves relative gains of 17.3% in-domain and 9.3% out-of-domain in average weighted F1, with higher F1 on four of five out-of-domain evaluations. These gains are accompanied by over 80% fewer reasoning tokens on average in both domains. Human evaluation further finds that CLUE more often grounds its explanations in specific conversational content, with closer alignment between its quoted evidence and human-selected context.

Explore related subjects

cs.CL

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeX RIS

Chengfei Wu, Zhaoqing Wu, Dan Goldwasser. 2026-10-15. CLUE: Uncovering Social Context for Pragmatic Understanding. https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.22167

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related papers

arXiv2026

Learning From How Humans Correct

In industry NLP application, our manually labeled data has a certain number of noisy data. We present a simple method to find the noisy data and relabel them manually, meanwhile we collect the correction information. Then we present novel method to incorporate the human correction information into deep learning model. Human know how to correct noisy data. So the correction information can be inject into deep learning model. We do the experiment on our own text classification dataset, which is manually labeled, because we need to relabel the noisy data in our dataset for our industry application. The experiment result shows that our learn-on-correction method improve the classification accuracy from 91.7% to 92.5% in test dataset. The 91.7% accuracy is trained on the corrected dataset, which improve the baseline from 83.3% to 91.7% in test dataset. The accuracy under human evaluation achieves more than 97%.

cs.CL↗

arXiv2026

MBBQ: A Dataset for Cross-Lingual Comparison of Stereotypes in Generative LLMs

Generative large language models (LLMs) have been shown to exhibit harmful biases and stereotypes. While safety fine-tuning typically takes place in English, if at all, these models are being used by speakers of many different languages. There is existing evidence that the performance of these models is inconsistent across languages and that they discriminate based on demographic factors of the user. Motivated by this, we investigate whether the social stereotypes exhibited by LLMs differ as a function of the language used to prompt them, while controlling for cultural differences and task accuracy. To this end, we present MBBQ (Multilingual Bias Benchmark for Question-answering), a carefully curated version of the English BBQ dataset extended to Dutch, Spanish, and Turkish, which measures stereotypes commonly held across these languages. We further complement MBBQ with a parallel control dataset to measure task performance on the question-answering task independently of bias. Our results based on several open-source and proprietary LLMs confirm that some non-English languages suffer from bias more than English, even when controlling for cultural shifts. Moreover, we observe significant cross-lingual differences in bias behaviour for all except the most accurate models. With the release of MBBQ, we hope to encourage further research on bias in multilingual settings. The dataset and code are available at https://github.com/Veranep/MBBQ.

cs.CL↗

arXiv2026

LLMR: Knowledge Distillation with a Large Language Model-Induced Reward

Large language models have become increasingly popular and demonstrated remarkable performance in various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, these models are typically computationally expensive and difficult to be deployed in resource-constrained environments. In this paper, we propose LLMR, a novel knowledge distillation (KD) method based on a reward function induced from large language models. We conducted experiments on multiple datasets in the dialogue generation and summarization tasks. Empirical results demonstrate that our LLMR approach consistently outperforms traditional KD methods in different tasks and datasets.

cs.CL↗