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arXiv · 2610.23331

Reactor Antineutrino Detection with JUNO-TAO: Commissioning Performance and First Results

JUNO Collaboration
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Abstract

The Taishan Antineutrino Observatory (TAO) is a satellite experiment of JUNO, designed to measure the reactor antineutrino energy spectrum with high precision at a baseline of 43.2~m from a reactor core using a 2.8-ton spherical liquid-scintillator detector, 1.8~m in diameter, operated at -50 degree and instrumented with 4,024 silicon photomultiplier tiles. The TAO detector installation was completed in 2025, and physics data taking began on 10 February 2026. This paper reports the detector design, calibration strategy, and performance based on commissioning data and the first physics runs. Stable cryogenic operation has been achieved, and about 90\% of the readout channels are retained for physics analysis after channel-quality selections. The detector light yield is measured to be about 4000~photoelectrons/MeV after correction for dark noise and optical crosstalk, using neutron capture on hydrogen in inverse beta decay (IBD) events. The energy resolution is about 2.8\% for \(^{68}\)Ge at the detector center and about 3.7\% for \(^{137}\)Cs at \(R=193\)~mm. This energy-resolution performance is among the best reported for reactor-antineutrino detectors and enables TAO to measure the reactor antineutrino spectrum with high precision. Within the fiducial volume of \(R < 800\)~mm, the vertex reconstruction bias remains within \(\pm 30~\mathrm{mm}\), and the resolution is approximately \(70~\mathrm{mm}\) over most of the fiducial volume. The combined muon-tagging efficiency of the veto system is about 97\%. Using 31.3 days of reactor-on data and 29.4 days of reactor-off data, a significant excess of IBD candidates is observed in the reactor-on sample relative to the reactor-off sample, with candidate rates of 2900$\pm$10 events/day and 419$\pm$4 events/day, respectively. The results demonstrate that TAO has reached a high performance level in reactor antineutrino measurement.

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JUNO Collaboration. 2026-10-16. Reactor Antineutrino Detection with JUNO-TAO: Commissioning Performance and First Results. https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.23331

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