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arXiv · 2610.24095

BeAGLE++: A modern modular framework for eA physics at the EIC

Arjun Kumar·Abhay Deshpande·Zhoudunming Tu
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Abstract

We present the Benchmark eA Generator for LEptoproduction (BeAGLE++), a next-generation, general-purpose Monte Carlo event generator for high-energy lepton-nucleus collisions and the successor to BeAGLE. The framework incorporates a formation-zone intranuclear cascade to describe hadronic final-state interactions (FSIs), followed by statistical de-excitation of the residual nucleus. Compared with the legacy implementation, the BeAGLE++ cascade introduces a discrete time-ordered treatment of hadronic interactions and light-cluster production during intranuclear transport. Comparisons with E665 measurements and legacy BeAGLE calculations show broad agreement for selected observables, while revealing differences in final states sensitive to FSIs. These differences provide opportunities to assess the model dependence of nuclear-breakup predictions and constrain the underlying cascade dynamics. With its modular architecture, BeAGLE++ provides a flexible simulation framework for the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) and a platform for developing and testing new physics models against existing data and future EIC measurements.

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Arjun Kumar, Abhay Deshpande, Zhoudunming Tu. 2026-10-16. BeAGLE++: A modern modular framework for eA physics at the EIC. https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.24095

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