RSI Control: Can AI Models Perform Covert Sabotage in the Self-Improvement Process?

Abstract

Recursive self-improvement, in which frontier AI models work on training the next generation, is quickly becoming a reality. However, the safety of this process has received far less attention than it should. A misaligned model training its successor can shape what that successor knows, how it behaves, and what it wants, and the harm carries forward into the next generation. We study this risk through the lens of AI control. We introduce RSI Control Arena, a testbed in which a frontier model, acting as an autonomous R\&D agent, is given a benign main task from a stage of a successor model's training pipeline together with a covert side task to install a misaligned property in the successor. The testbed contains 16 side tasks in three classes, forming 22 task pairs with main tasks that span the pipeline from data curation to reinforcement learning. We evaluate six frontier models as agents against LLM monitors that read the transcript of the run and the agent's reasoning. We observe that every model completes a substantial share of the side tasks without degrading the main-task performance, including side tasks that make the successor itself a better saboteur. Under minimal instructions to stay covert, models already produce successful attacks that monitors fail to detect, and providing a short list of evasion tactics further reduces the detection rate. Monitors with access to agent's reasoning detects most attacks, but not all. Our results indicate that recursive self-improvement raises significant safety concerns, and that strong safety effort should be in place before models are trusted with greater responsibility of training their successors.