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arXiv · 2610.31188

ChainSEED: A Scalable, High-Fidelity Blockchain Emulator

Qishu Jin·Wenliang Du·Kairui Feng
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Abstract

Researchers need blockchain experimental environments with configurable workloads, controllable network conditions, and observable outcomes. Public blockchains and testnets limit experimental control, model-based simulators omit real client implementations, and real-client environments face challenges in combining network control with resource-efficient deployment. We present ChainSEED, a scalable, high-fidelity blockchain emulator built on the SEED Internet Emulator. It separates blockchain configuration from client placement on a configurable routed network. For Ethereum PoS, it organizes separately configured execution, consensus, and validator clients and provides APIs for customizing genesis state, peer connections, and client software. A transaction generator informed by Ethereum mainnet activity, application interfaces, and chain- and node-level monitoring support experiments. ChainSEED also supports Monero and Solana. We examine beacon-node memory reduction, execution-client memory allocation, and validator-client multiplexing to support larger experiments within limited hardware budgets. On a single server with approximately 1 TiB of memory and 384 logical CPU cores, ChainSEED deploys 400 beacon nodes, 400 execution nodes, and 60,000 validator identities while sustaining approximately 20 TPS. It also emulates a 1,200-node Monero network with up to 200 active single-threaded PoW miners and a 200-node Solana network with sustained finalization. Case studies demonstrate routing attacks, blockchain amplification attacks, Monero eclipse attacks, topology-discovery benchmarking against known peer graphs, and network-configuration experiments.

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Qishu Jin, Wenliang Du, Kairui Feng. 2026-10-22. ChainSEED: A Scalable, High-Fidelity Blockchain Emulator. https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.31188

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