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arXiv · 2610.32459

MDMR-Bench: A Multi-Dimensional Benchmark for Multi-Reference Image Generation

Bowen Zheng·Jintao Lin·Changheng Yi·Haoran Yang·Binxiao Huang·Chenyang Lei·Rui Liu·Xihui Liu
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Abstract

Image generation models have rapidly advanced, with many models now supporting generation conditioned on multiple reference images and textual instructions. Such models enable a wide range of applications, including entity fusion and attribute transfer across images. However, existing benchmarks for multi-reference image generation rely on limited evaluation dimensions and fail to capture the diverse challenges of the task. To address this limitation, we propose MDMR-Bench, a Multi-Dimensional benchmark for Multi-Reference image generation. MDMR-Bench is organized around representative capability settings and consists of multiple evaluation subsets spanning diverse dimensions of multi-reference image generation, including (1) common entity fusion and attribute transfer, (2) multi-element extraction from a single image, (3) infographic manipulation, and (4) visual reasoning-intensive generation. This design enables systematic analysis of model capabilities and failure modes across different challenge dimensions. Furthermore, to achieve more reliable and interpretable evaluation, we introduce a checklist-based evaluation protocol that decomposes generation quality into fine-grained evaluation aspects. Instead of relying solely on holistic scoring, our framework uses structured checklists composed of both global-level and atomic-level queries, enabling more diagnostic assessment of model performance. By benchmarking both open-source and proprietary models, we demonstrate that MDMR-Bench provides fine-grained insights into model performance across different dimensions. The dataset and code are publicly available.

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Bowen Zheng, Jintao Lin, Changheng Yi, Haoran Yang, Binxiao Huang, Chenyang Lei, Rui Liu, Xihui Liu. 2026-10-23. MDMR-Bench: A Multi-Dimensional Benchmark for Multi-Reference Image Generation. https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.32459

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