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arXiv · 2610.33161

SN Ares: A Strongly Lensed Type IIb Supernova at $\mathbf{z=1.276}$ with a Predicted 70-Year Time Delay

Conor Larison·Justin D. R. Pierel·Matthew Siebert·Tom Resseguier·Lukas J. Furtak·Masamune Oguri·Gavin S. Farley·Hollis B. Akins·Yoshihisa Asada·Rachel Bezanson·Maruša Bradač·Gabriel Brammer·John Chisholm·Dan Coe·Pratika Dayal·Henry C. Ferguson·Steven L. Finkelstein·Seiji Fujimoto·Tomokazu Kiyota·Anton M. Koekemoer·Vasily Kokorev·Minami Nakane·Masami Ouchi·Richard Pan·Casey Papovich·Johan Richard·Luke Robbins·Fengwu Sun·Kana Takechi·Tommaso Treu·Chris Willott·Hiroto Yanagisawa·Abdurro'uf·Joseph F. V. Allingham·Ricardo O. Amorín·Franz E. Bauer·Larry Bradley·Mateusz Bronikowski·Christopher J. Conselice·David A. Coulter·James M. DerKacy·José M. Diego·Eiichi Egami·Andreas L. Faisst·Ori D. Fox·Brenda L. Frye·Yoshinobu Fudamoto·Mauro González-Otero·Massimo Griggio·Nimish P. Hathi·Tiger Yu-Yang Hsiao·Saurabh W. Jha·Y. Jiménez-Teja·Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe·Gourav Khullar·Zachary G. Lane·Paulo A. A. Lopes·Ray A. Lucas·Georgios E. Magdis·Matteo Messa·Rohan P. Naidu·Rafael Ortiz III·Massimo Pascale·Armin Rest·Massimo Ricotti·Melissa Shahbandeh·William Sheu·Koji Shukawa·Rogier A. Windhorst·Anita Zanella·Yossef Zenati·Adi Zitrin
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Abstract

We present the discovery of supernova (SN) Ares, a strongly lensed supernova at $z_{\rm spec}=1.276\pm0.002$ in a massive, triply imaged host galaxy behind the MACS J0308.9+2645 galaxy cluster. JWST/NIRSpec spectroscopy spanning the rest-frame optical to NIR of Ares reveals helium features at $5876\,\mathring{\mathrm{A}}$, $7065\,\mathring{\mathrm{A}}$, and $10830\,\mathring{\mathrm{A}}$, as well as H$α$ and Pa$β$. A comparison to local core-collapse SN spectra and light curves leads to a classification of SN Ares as a Type IIb supernova, the highest-redshift member of its class spectroscopically identified. A comparison to local SN IIb light curves provides a phase estimate for the spectrum of $34_{-9}^{+10}$ rest-frame days post-radioactive peak, providing a unique view into a high-redshift stripped-envelope supernova in its late-photospheric evolution. A lens model of the cluster constructed using recent JWST data indicates that SN Ares is the first image to arrive and will reappear in two future images near the center of the cluster plane in $\gtrsim 70$ years, with predicted magnifications of $\sim5\times$ and $\sim1.5\times$. Planned JWST/NIRSpec Multi-Object Spectroscopy of the cluster will allow for more detailed modeling of the lensed system for tighter constraints on the time delay and magnifications, as well as a template spectrum at the location of SN Ares.

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Conor Larison, Justin D. R. Pierel, Matthew Siebert, Tom Resseguier, Lukas J. Furtak, Masamune Oguri, Gavin S. Farley, Hollis B. Akins, Yoshihisa Asada, Rachel Bezanson, Maruša Bradač, Gabriel Brammer, John Chisholm, Dan Coe, Pratika Dayal, Henry C. Ferguson, Steven L. Finkelstein, Seiji Fujimoto, Tomokazu Kiyota, Anton M. Koekemoer, Vasily Kokorev, Minami Nakane, Masami Ouchi, Richard Pan, Casey Papovich, Johan Richard, Luke Robbins, Fengwu Sun, Kana Takechi, Tommaso Treu, Chris Willott, Hiroto Yanagisawa, Abdurro'uf, Joseph F. V. Allingham, Ricardo O. Amorín, Franz E. Bauer, Larry Bradley, Mateusz Bronikowski, Christopher J. Conselice, David A. Coulter, James M. DerKacy, José M. Diego, Eiichi Egami, Andreas L. Faisst, Ori D. Fox, Brenda L. Frye, Yoshinobu Fudamoto, Mauro González-Otero, Massimo Griggio, Nimish P. Hathi, Tiger Yu-Yang Hsiao, Saurabh W. Jha, Y. Jiménez-Teja, Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe, Gourav Khullar, Zachary G. Lane, Paulo A. A. Lopes, Ray A. Lucas, Georgios E. Magdis, Matteo Messa, Rohan P. Naidu, Rafael Ortiz III, Massimo Pascale, Armin Rest, Massimo Ricotti, Melissa Shahbandeh, William Sheu, Koji Shukawa, Rogier A. Windhorst, Anita Zanella, Yossef Zenati, Adi Zitrin. 2026-10-23. SN Ares: A Strongly Lensed Type IIb Supernova at $\mathbf{z=1.276}$ with a Predicted 70-Year Time Delay. https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.33161

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