A Correspondence Between Qubit- and Boson-Based Sensing Protocols

Abstract

Recent years have seen a surge of interest in adapting non-classical states to search for physics beyond the Standard Model, including both qubit- and boson-based systems. These two classes of systems are closely related through the Holstein--Primakoff transformation (HPT). In this work, we show that the HPT offers novel insights into inherently quantum-mechanical detection of new physics. We begin by discussing how the HPT can be used to unify certain existing qubit- and boson-based proposals in a single framework. We then show how it naturally reveals a novel generalization of GHZ states which offer superior performance for the detection of rare interactions. We demonstrate that these novel states can be readily prepared, and combine the coherent advantage of GHZ states with superior error rejection. Finally, we show that the HPT also reveals a natural extension of the Hamiltonian-Not-in-Lindblad-Span theorem for collections of bosonic modes.