Cerebral Artery Wall Displacement and Strain from 4D MRI

Abstract

Arterial stiffness is an established marker of vascular ageing and cardiovascular risk, yet the local, patient-specific mechanics of the cerebral arteries remain difficult to measure in vivo. Wall deformation over the cardiac cycle is sub-millimetre, rapid and spatially heterogeneous, and is superimposed on larger rigid-body motion. This work adapts a registration-based kinematic framework, originally developed for abdominal aortic aneurysms, to cerebral arteries imaged with 7 T 4D phase-contrast MRI. Deformable image registration between diastole and systole was used to measure wall-normal displacement over the cerebral artery network, primarily the Circle of Willis and connected communicating arteries. Following this, transverse centreline motion was removed to separate local wall deformation from rigid-body vessel motion before estimating circumferential strain. Across 17 datasets, the 99th percentile wall-normal displacement was 0.256 +/- 0.037 mm, 35 % of the acquired voxel dimension, and the 99th percentile circumferential strain was 8.67 +/- 2.40 %. Correction of circumferential strain to exclude rigid translation motion reduced the 99th percentile strain estimation in the example case from 28.1 % to 10.6 %, as a significant portion of the apparent wall displacement corresponds to bulk motion of the vessel. The pipeline produces continuous displacement and strain maps of the intracranial arterial network, although the values are sensitive to segmentation accuracy, resampling and registration parameterisation and require future ground-truth verification.