Classification of Anti-symmetric Solutions to Fractional Lane-Emden System in Borderline Case

Abstract

We investigate the existence and non-existence of anti-symmetric solutions to the fractional Lane--Emden system in the half-space $\mathbb{R}^n_+$: \begin{equation*}\begin{cases} (-Δ)^s u = v^p & \text{in } \mathbb{R}^n_+, (-Δ)^s v = u^q & \text{in } \mathbb{R}^n_+, \end{cases}\end{equation*} where $0 0,2s+p=1$, with $u,v$ nonnegative in $\mathbb{R}^n_+$ and anti-symmetric with respect to $\partial\mathbb{R}^n_+$. Li and Zhuo [2023, Sci. China Math.] previously proved non-existence in $L_{2s}$, as well as non-existence in the extended space $L_{2s+1}$ when $1-2s<p,q<\frac{n+2s}{n-2s}$ and existence in $L_{2s+1}$ when $p+2s<1,q+2s<1$. In this paper, we fill the remaining borderline case $p=1-2s$ in $L_{2s+1}$ space. We establish a non-existence result for $1-2s=p\leq q\leq\frac{n+2s}{n-2s}$ and an existence result for $0<q<p=1-2s$. For the non-existence result, we combine a maximum principle for anti-symmetric functions with the method of moving planes to derive a Liouville--type theorem when $1-2s<q\leq\frac{n+2s}{n-2s}$. We then iterate the lower-bound estimates to obtain a contradiction through blow-up. To prove the existence of nontrivial solutions when $0<q<1-2s$, we construct a nonhomogeneous solution by a monotone iteration scheme in $L_{2s+1}$ as well as analyze a homogeneous profile. Surprisingly, the homogeneous profile serves as a universal lower bound for all solutions.