Connes spectral distance as a quantum distance measure and a geometric measure of entanglement

Abstract

In this paper, we study the Connes spectral distance as a quantum distance measure and its applications in discriminating quantum states and calculating quantum entanglement. Based on finite matrix algebra, we construct a spectral triple for finite dimensional quantum states. The Connes spectral distance is a generalization to the quantum trace distance and Hilbert-Schmidt distance. The corresponding optimal elements can always be chosen to commute with the difference matrix $Δ$, and then the optimal element and $Δ$ can be simultaneously diagonalized. We obtain the formulas of Connes spectral distances in three different parameter regimes which depending on the spectrum of difference matrix. As applications, we show how to use spectral distances to distinguish state pairs that have the same trace distance and Hilbert-Schmidt distance. We also define a new geometric measure of entanglement based on spectral distance. These results can help us study the relationships among Connes spectral distance, quantum trace distance and other quantum distance measures. These concrete constructions are significant for studies of quantum states in the framework of noncommutative geometry.