Enhancing Sentiment Classification on Small Datasets through Data Augmentation and Transfer Learning

Mahmoud S. Mayaleh; Samer A. Mayaleh

doi:10.1007/s44163-025-00813-9

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arXiv · 2610.41518

Enhancing Sentiment Classification on Small Datasets through Data Augmentation and Transfer Learning

Mahmoud S. Mayaleh·Samer A. Mayaleh

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Abstract

Small-scale sentiment classification often suffers from data scarcity, which limits the generalization ability of the models. This study evaluates and compares the effectiveness of three data augmentation strategies: Easy Data Augmentation (EDA), back-translation, and contextual token substitution (nlpaug-style), with both traditional machine learning classifiers (Logistic Regression, Random Forest) and transformer-based models (BERT). We perform a comprehensive empirical comparison with low-resource sentiment datasets by summarizing the results of recent studies and performing targeted head-to-head experiments. Our findings indicate that all augmentation methods improve performance. Contextual augmentation yields the most consistent gains for BERT models, while EDA and back-translation provide greater benefits for traditional classifiers. These insights help guide the selection of data augmentation techniques tailored to model type and dataset size, filling a critical gap in research on data augmentation for sentiment classification on small datasets.

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BibTeX RIS

Mahmoud S. Mayaleh, Samer A. Mayaleh. 2026-10-30. Enhancing Sentiment Classification on Small Datasets through Data Augmentation and Transfer Learning. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-025-00813-9

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