Testing Cosmological General Relativity against high redshift observations

Abstract

Several key relations are derived for Cosmological General Relativity which are used in standard observational cosmology. These include the luminosity distance, angular size, surface brightness and matter density. These relations are used to fit type Ia supernova (SNe Ia) data, giving consistent, well behaved fits over a broad range of redshift $0.1 < z < 2$. The best fit to the data for the local density parameter is $Ω_{m} = 0.0401 \pm 0.0199$. Because $Ω_{m}$ is within the baryonic budget there is no need for any dark matter to account for the SNe Ia redshift luminosity data. From this local density it is determined that the redshift where the universe expansion transitions from deceleration to acceleration is $z_{t}= 1.095 {}^{+0.264}_{-0.155}$. Because the fitted data covers the range of the predicted transition redshift $z_{t}$, there is no need for any dark energy to account for the expansion rate transition. We conclude that the expansion is now accelerating and that the transition from a closed to an open universe occurred about $8.54 {\rm Gyr}$ ago.