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Extraction of work from a single thermal bath in the quantum regime

A. E. Allahverdyan·Th. M. Nieuwenhuizen
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Abstract

The stationary state of a quantum particle strongly coupled to a quantum thermal bath is known to be non-gibbsian, due to entanglement with the bath. For harmonic potentials, where the system can be described by effective temperatures, thermodynamic relations are shown to take a generalized Gibbsian form, that may violate the Clausius inequality. For the weakly-anharmonic case a Fokker-Planck type description is constructed. It is shown that then work can be extracted from the bath by cyclic variation of a parameter. These apparent violations of the second law are the consequence of quantum coherence in the presence of the slightly off-equilibrium nature of the bath.

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A. E. Allahverdyan, Th. M. Nieuwenhuizen. 2000-06-26. Extraction of work from a single thermal bath in the quantum regime. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.85.1799

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