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Spinor Bosonic Atoms in Optical Lattices: Symmetry Breaking and Fractionalization

Eugene Demler·Fei Zhou
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Abstract

We study superfluid and Mott insulator phases of cold spin-1 Bose atoms with antiferromagnetic interactions in an optical lattice, including a usual polar condensate phase, a condensate of singlet pairs, a crystal spin nematic phase, and a spin singlet crystal phase. We suggest a possibility of exotic fractionalized phases of spinor BEC and discuss them in the language of topological defect condensation and $Z_2$ lattice gauge theory.

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Eugene Demler, Fei Zhou. 2001-05-05. Spinor Bosonic Atoms in Optical Lattices: Symmetry Breaking and Fractionalization. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.88.163001

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