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Ferromagnetism of $^3$He Films in the Low Field Limit

H. M. Bozler·Yuan Gu·Jinshan Zhang·K. S. White·C. M. Gould
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Abstract

We provide evidence for a finite temperature ferromagnetic transition in 2-dimensions as $H \to 0$ in thin films of $^3$He on graphite, a model system for the study of two-dimensional magnetism. We perform pulsed and CW NMR experiments at fields of 0.03 - 0.48 mT on $^3$He at areal densities of 20.5 - 24.2 atoms/nm$^2$. At these densities, the second layer of $^3$He has a strongly ferromagnetic tendency. With decreasing temperature, we find a rapid onset of magnetization that becomes independent of the applied field at temperatures in the vicinity of 1 mK. Both the dipolar field and the NMR linewidth grow rapidly as well, which is consistent with a large (order unity) polarization of the $^3$He spins.

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H. M. Bozler, Yuan Gu, Jinshan Zhang, K. S. White, C. M. Gould. 2001-12-13. Ferromagnetism of $^3$He Films in the Low Field Limit. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.88.065302

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