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Axisymmetric versus Non-axisymmetric Vortices in Spinor Bose-Einstein Condensates

T. Mizushima·K. Machida·T. Kita
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Abstract

The structure and stability of various vortices in F=1 spinor Bose-Einstein condensates are investigated by solving the extended Gross-Pitaevskii equation under rotation. We perform an extensive search for stable vortices, considering both axisymmetric and non-axisymmetric vortices and covering a wide range of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions. The topological defect called Mermin-Ho (Anderson-Toulouse) vortex is shown to be stable for ferromagnetic case. The phase diagram is established in a plane of external rotation Omega vs total magnetization M by comparing the free energies of possible vortices. It is shown that there are qualitative differences between axisymmetric and non-axisymmetric vortices which are manifested in the Omega- and M-dependences.

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T. Mizushima, K. Machida, T. Kita. 2002-08-02. Axisymmetric versus Non-axisymmetric Vortices in Spinor Bose-Einstein Condensates. https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.66.053610

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